Evidence for vertical motility in Campanian deep-water agglutinated foraminifera: The Furlo volcanic ash layer

Evidence for vertical motility has been observed among six Campanian deep-water agglutinated foraminiferal species from the Furlo Bentonite in the Umbria-Marche Basin, Ital

A standard source for high energy neutrino astronomy

A standard source of high energy neutrinos composed of a source of accelerated particles imbedded in a cloud of low density gas is described. The main mechanism of neutrino production in the source is pp-collision, and the main process of detection is through muons produced underground by the neutrions. The flux of neutrino-produced muons is computed for sources with different spectral index

A search for cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos with small underground detectors

On the basis of standard source calculations of high energy neutrino fluxes, some models of astrophysical object (single stars and binary systems) are discussed from which a detectable muon flux is expected in small underground detectors

Stable and Efficient Structures for the Content Production and Consumption in Information Communities

Real-world information communities exhibit inherent structures that characterize a system that is stable and efficient for content production and consumption. In this paper, we study such structures through mathematical modelling and analysis. We formulate a generic model of a community in which each member decides how they allocate their time between content production and consumption with the objective of maximizing their individual reward. We define the community system as "stable and efficient" when a Nash equilibrium is reached while the social welfare of the community is maximized. We investigate the conditions for forming a stable and efficient community under two variations of the model representing different internal relational structures of the community. Our analysis results show that the structure with "a small core of celebrity producers" is the optimally stable and efficient for a community. These analysis results provide possible explanations to the sociological observations such as "the Law of the Few" and also provide insights into how to effectively build and maintain the structure of information communities.Comment: 21 page

Trading in Networks: Theory and Experiments

We propose a model of posted prices in networks. The model maps traditional concepts of market power, competition and double marginalization into networks, allowing for the study of pricing in complex structures of intermediation such as supply chains, transportation and communication networks and financial brokerage. We provide a complete characterization of equilibrium prices. Our experiments complement our theoretical work and point to node criticality as an organizing principle for understanding pricing, efficiency and the division of surplus in networked markets

Trading in networks: Theory and experiments

We propose a model of posted prices in networks. The model maps traditional concepts of market power, competition, and double marginalization into networks, allowing for the study of pricing in complex structures of intermediation, such as supply chains, transportation and communication networks, and financial brokerage. We provide a complete characterization of equilibrium prices. Our experiments complement our theoretical work and point to node criticality as an organizing principle for understanding pricing, efficiency, and the division of surplus in networked markets. (JEL: C70, C71, C91, C92, D40)Keynes Fund for Applied Research in Cambridge (Project: Experiments on Financial Networks)This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Oxford University Press via https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvw01

Measuring environmental policy stringency: Approaches, validity, and impact on environmental innovation and energy efficiency

Solid tests of the impact of environmental and energy policy on important economic outcomes, such as innovation, productivity, competitiveness and energy and carbon efficiency are impaired by the lack of appropriate empirical proxies for the commitment to, and stringency of, environmental policy. We contribute to the literature by: (1) computing different indicators of environmental policy stringency, (2) testing to what extent they convey similar insights through a statistical comparison exercise, and (3) showing the implications of using one or the other indicator in two illustrative empirical applications focused on environmental innovation and energy efficiency. We conclude by highlighting the implications of our analysis for empirical research focusing on the evaluation of policy impacts, and highlight fruitful future research avenues